Bad (album)

Bad
A white man standing looks forward. His hair is curly and black. He is wearing black jacket that has several buckles and pants. The background is white and beside him are the words "Michael Jackson" in black capital letter, and over them, "Bad" in red.
Studio album by Michael Jackson
Released August 25, 1987
Recorded January 5 – July 9, 1987
Genre R&B, funk, soul, pop rock, dance-pop, rock
Length 48:16
Label Epic
Producer Quincy Jones
Co-Produced by Michael Jackson
Michael Jackson chronology
Thriller
(1982)		 Bad
(1987)		 Dangerous
(1991)
2001 Special Edition
The slipcover for the Special Edition of the album. Current pressings of the special edition do not include the slipcover.
Singles from Bad
  1. "I Just Can't Stop Loving You"
    Released: July 20, 1987
  2. "Bad"
    Released: September 7, 1987
  3. "The Way You Make Me Feel"
    Released: November 9, 1987
  4. "Man in the Mirror"
    Released: January 9, 1988
  5. "Dirty Diana"
    Released: April 18, 1988
  6. "Another Part of Me"
    Released: July 11, 1988
  7. "Smooth Criminal"
    Released: October 24, 1988
  8. "Leave Me Alone"
    Released: February 13, 1989
  9. "Liberian Girl"
    Released: July 3, 1989
  10. "Speed Demon"
    Released: October 13, 1989

Bad is the seventh studio album by American songwriter and recording artist Michael Jackson. The album was released on August 25, 1987 by Epic/CBS Records, nearly five years after Jackson's previous studio album, Thriller, which went on to become the world's best-selling album. Bad itself sold over 30 million copies worldwide, and shipped eight million units in the United States alone, and has been cited as being one of the best selling albums of all time. Bad is the only album to have five of its singles peak at number one on the Billboard Hot 100. Similar to Jackson's previous music material, the album's music features elements of R&B, pop and rock.

Bad was recorded throughout 1987. The lyrical themes on the record relate to paranoia, romance and self-improvement. Bad is widely regarded as having cemented Jackson's status as one of the most successful artists of the 1980s, as well enhancing his solo career and being one of the best musical projects of his career. Despite the album's commercial success, it has been viewed as a relative failure when compared to the sales of Thriller.

Ten of the eleven songs on Bad were released as singles; one was a promotional single and another was released outside of the United States and Canada. One of the singles charted within the top-ten, and another charted within the top-twenty on the Hot 100. The single that was released outside of the United States and Canada was commercially successful, charting within the top ten and top twenty in multiple territories. Bad peaked at number one in seven countries, as well as charting within the top twenty in other territories.

Bad saw Jackson exercise even more artistic freedom than he did with his two previous Epic releases (Off the Wall and Thriller). On Bad, Jackson composed nine of the album's eleven tracks and received co-producer credit for the entire album. The album continued Jackson's commercial success in the late 1980s and garnered six Grammy Award nominations, winning two. Aside from commercial success the album also received positive reviews from contemporary critics. Bad was ranked number forty three in the 100 Greatest Albums of All Time of the MTV Generation in 2009 by VH1. It was ranked number 202 in Rolling Stone magazine's 500 Greatest Albums of All Time. The album marked the final collaboration between Jackson and producer Quincy Jones.

Contents

Background and production

For the majority of Jackson's career as a member of The Jackson 5, he and his brothers did not have creative control and were not allowed to write material for any of their musical projects. When Jackson began work on solo music projects, while still a member of the band, he received more creative freedom on his studio albums Off the Wall (1979) and Thriller (1982); both albums were commercial successes. Bad echoed the same option of Jackson being given creative freedom on the album's music.[1]

One of Jackson's previous albums, Off the Wall, was a critical success, receiving generally favorable reviews.[2][3] It was also a commercial success worldwide, eventually selling over twenty million copies worldwide. Jackson's next studio album, Thriller, was similar to Off the Wall; it was a critical and commercial success. Thriller has reportedly sold one hundred million units worldwide,[4] the best-selling album since its release in the early 1980s.[5]

Bad was the first studio album Jackson released after leaving The Jackson 5 and the first in an almost five-year period following Thriller.[5] Bad was the third, and final, musical collaboration between Jackson and Quincy Jones. The album was produced by Jones, with co-production credit given to Jackson.[6] Jackson began recording demos for the anticipated follow-up to Thriller a few months after the 1984 Victory Tour with The Jacksons. Recording took place between January 5, 1987, and July 9, 1987.[6]

Jackson wrote a reported sixty songs for the new album and recorded thirty, wanting to use them all on a three-disc set.[1] Jones had suggested that the album be cut down to a ten-track single LP.[1] When the album was released on CD, a bonus 11th track, "Leave Me Alone" was included.[6] It was later released as a single. Jackson was credited for writing nine out of eleven of the songs on the album.[1] Other writing credits included Terry Britten and Graham Lyle for "Just Good Friends" and Siedah Garrett and Glen Ballard for "Man in the Mirror".[6]

Composition

"Bad" was originally intended as a duet between Jackson and musician Prince.[1] Other artists that were supposed to be featured on the album were Whitney Houston, Aretha Franklin and Barbra Streisand; none of those collaborations ended up happening.[1] The album's songs lyrics pertain to romance and paranoia; paranoia was a frequent theme for Jackson, having used it on his previous albums.[7] Allmusic noted that Bad moved Jackson "deeper into hard rock, deeper into schmaltzy adult contemporary, deeper into hard dance — essentially taking each portion of Thriller to an extreme, while increasing the quotient of immaculate studiocraft."[7]

"Dirty Diana" was viewed by critics as a "misogynistic",[7] and its lyrics pertaining to a sexual predator, do not aim for the "darkness" of "Billie Jean"; but instead, sounds equally intrigued by an apprehensive of a sexual challenge, while having the opportunity to accept or resist it.[8] "Leave Me Alone" was described as being a "paranoid anthem".[7] On "Man in the Mirror," the song was described as Jackson going "a step further" and offering "a straightforward homily of personal commitment", which can be seen in the lyrics, "I'm starting with the man in the mirror/I'm asking him to change his ways/And no message could have been clearer/If you wanna make the world a better place/Take a look at yourself and then make a change."[8] The lyrics to "Speed Demon" are about driving fast.[9] "Bad" was viewed as a rived "Hit the Road, Jack" progression with lyrics that pertain to 'boasting'.[8]

"Liberian Girl"s lyrics were viewed as a "glisten" with "gratitude" for the "existence of a loved one.[8] "Smooth Criminal"s music showed resemblance to "the popcorn-chomping manner" of "Thriller."[8] "Smooth Criminal" was thought of as an example to "Jackson's free-form language" that keeps people "aware that we are on the edge of several realities: the film, the dream it inspires, the waking world it illuminates".[8] The music in "I Just Can't Stop Loving You", a duet with Siedah Garrett, consisted mainly of finger snaps and timpani.[8] "Just Good Friends", a duet with Stevie Wonder, was view by critics as sounding good at the beginning of the song, but eventually becomes a "chin-bobbing cheerfulness".[8] "The Way You Make Me Feel"'s music consisted of blues harmonies.[5] "Another Part of Me"s lyrics deal with being united, as "we".[5]

Release and marketing

Multiple people standing inline. Three women have short blonde hair, a man with curly brown hair and a man wearing a navy cap.
People attending a concert from Jackson's Bad World Tour in Germany in 1988.

Prior to the release of Bad Jackson used marketing to his advantage, more so than he had with Thriller. A year before Bad's release, Jackson used several tactics to get the media interested in his short film, Captain EO, during the recording of Bad. Jackson played a space captain in the mini-film, which was produced by George Lucas and directed by Francis Ford Coppola. By the time Jackson released Bad, he produced a commemorative special on his life, The Magic Returns, which aired on CBS.[5] At the end of the documentary, the channel debuted Jackson's "Bad" short film, which featured then up-and-coming actor Wesley Snipes.[5] Jackson's marketing strategy, mastered by Frank DiLeo among others, also included Jackson producing another mini-movie around the time of the Bad World Tour. That film, Moonwalker, included performances of songs from Bad, including "Speed Demon", "Leave Me Alone", "Man in the Mirror" and "Smooth Criminal", the latter two released as sole videos at the end of the film.[10][11] Jackson also used the opportunity to write about his life up until that point releasing 1988's Moonwalk. Jackson's tour for Bad was a major financial success, grossing $125 million by the end of its tenure.[12][13] Though Jackson furthered his stance as a global pop superstar, in the United States he failed to match the sales of Thriller, causing some in the media to label Bad a "disappointment" in comparison.[1][14]

By the time Jackson released this album, Thriller had already sold millions, raising expectations for Bad. On September 26, 1987, Bad debuted at number one on the Billboard 200.[15] The album charted at number one on the chart for the next six weeks,[16] Bad also debuted at number three on the Billboard R&B/Hip Hop Albums Chart on the issue date September 26, 1987,[17] before peaking at number one the following week on October 3, 1987.[18] The album stayed at the top position for eleven consecutive weeks, before being succeeded by Stevie Wonder's album Characters on the issue date December 19, 1987,[19] the following week the album regained the top position, which lasted another four weeks before being replaced by Wonder's album again.[20] The Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) certified Bad eight time platinum for having sold eight million copies in the United States alone.[21]

Internationally, Bad was commercially successful. In the United Kingdom, the album sold 500,000 copies in its first five days of release, and is currently certified 13× platinum, for sales of 3.9 million, making it Jackson's second biggest-selling album in the United Kingdom.[22] Bad peaked at number one on the Canadian,[23] Japanese,[24] United Kingdom,[25] Swiss,[26] New Zealand, Austrian, Swedish and Norwegian charts.[27] The album charted at number three in Italy and number thirteen in Spain, Mexico and Australia, as well as number twenty two in Puerto Rico.[27] Bad has received various certifications worldwide. Bad was certified 7× platinum for the shipment of over 700,000 units in Canada by the Canadian Recording Industry Association.[28] In Europe, Bad was certified platinum by the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFPI) for the sales of one million units.[29] The album was also certified platinum by the IFPI for the shipment of over 20,000 units in Hong Kong.[30] Globally, Bad is Jackson's overall third best-selling album, behind Thriller and Dangerous, with a reported sales of 30 million units.[31]

A male with black hair singing into a microphone. The male is wearing a blue jacket and a white shirt with black pants and a white belt.
Jackson performing "The Way You Make Me Feel" during the Bad World Tour.

The lead single "I Just Can't Stop Loving You" became the first of five of the album's singles to reach number one on the Billboard Hot 100. The song reached number one on September 19, 1987, and also charted on Billboard's R&B/Hip Hop Songs Chart and the Adult Contemporary Chart, peaking at number one and number two respectively.[32] Internationally, the song also peaked at number one, in three territories, United Kingdom, for two weeks,[33] and nine weeks in both Norwegian and New Zealand.[34] The album's second single peaked at number one on the Billboard 100 on October 16, 1987.[35] The song topped the Spanish charts, as well as charting within the top-ten internationally.[36] "The Way You Make Me Feel" became the album's third consecutive single to peak at number one on Billboard's Hot 100.[37] The song primarily charted within the top ten and twenty internationally.[38] "Man In The Mirror" charted at number one on Billboard's Hot 100,[39] and charted at number four, eight, and ten in New Zealand, Australia, and Austria.[40] On July 2, 1988, "Dirty Diana" became the fifth consecutive, and final, single to peak at number one on the Hot 100.[41] "Dirty Diana" was successful internationally, charting within the top ten in eight territories.[42]

"Another Part Of Me" charted at number eleven on the Billboard Hot 100, while topping the Billboard R&B/Hip Hop Songs Chart.[43] Internationally, "Another Part Of Me" was a mid success compared to its previous singles, peaking at number five, fourteen and thirty two in the Netherlands, New Zealand and France.[44] "Smooth Criminal" became the sixth top ten single on the Billboard 100,[45] and saw similar success internationally, charting within the top ten in five territories, and within the top forty in all its international countries.[46] Released outside the United States and Canada, "Leave Me Alone" topped the Spanish charts, as well as peaking within the top ten in five other countries.[47] The album's last official single was "Liberian Girl", which did not chart on the Billboard Hot 100, but was generally successful internationally, charting mainly within the top twenty.[48]

Critical reception

 Professional ratings
Review scores
Source Rating
Allmusic 4.5/5 stars[7]
Robert Christgau (B+)[49]
New York Times (favorable)[5]
Rolling Stone 4/5 stars[8]
Yahoo! Music (favorable)[50]

Bad was generally well received although some critics noted that Bad did not measure up to Thriller's success. Stephen Thomas Erlewine, of Allmusic, stated that Jackson "approached" Bad much the same way he approached Thriller, which was to "take the basic formula of the predecessor, expand it slightly, and move it outward."[7] Erlewine, who gave the album four out of five stars, commented that while the album "rebounds with songs that prove mechanical can be tolerable if delivered with hooks and panache," it still made Bad feel like an artifact of its time instead a piece of music that transcends it."[7] Davitt Sigerson, of Rolling Stone, stated that "even without a milestone recording like "Billie Jean", Bad is still a better record than Thriller."[8] Sigerson commented that we a "filler" content in Bad, listing songs such as "Speed Demon", "Dirty Diana" and "Liberian Girl", made Bad "richer, sexier and better than Thriller's forgettables."[8]

Music critic Robert Christgau gave Bad a "B+" grade, remarking the "closest thing to genius" is the album's song "Leave Me Alone," and that the record "damn near wrecks perfectly good dancin' and singin' with subtext."[49] Jennifer Clay, of Yahoo Music noted that while Bad was good, it was not up to "the degree of Thriller."[50] Jon Pareles of The New York Times described Bad as being a "gleaming, high-tech dance record that's just a little eccentric at the edges".[5] Parales also noted that Bad "sounds up-to-the-minute" and that the album also has a "concocted synthesizer-driven arrangements" that are "clear" and can "carry a solid kick."[5] Richard Cromelin of The Los Angeles Times commented that the record was "not bad" and was more "reminiscent of Off the Wall's uniform strength than Thriller's peaks and valleys."[51] Cromelin felt that it would be "disappointing" if this album's "creative level" is where Jackson wants to stay.[51]

Richard Harrington of The Washington Post commented on the expectations of Bad to Thriller that, "splashy though its prime-time introduction may be, the album begs to be judged by its music, not by its sales figures."[52] Richard felt that while the album could not live up to post-Thriller expectations, it would be "considerably fairer to compare" Bad with Off the Wall.[52] His overall opinion on Bad was that it was "a very good record" that is "immaculately produced and with some scintillating vocal performances from Jackson".[52] Edna Gundersen of USA Today described Bad as being Jackson's "most polished effort to date," that is "calculated but not sterile."[53] Thom Duffy of The Orlando Sentinel noted that some of the album's material "draws on even older musical roots".[54] Bad was the recipient of six Grammy Award nominations, winning two. In 1988, Bad was nominated for Album of the Year, Best Pop Vocal Performance - Male, Best R&B Vocal Performance - Male[55] and Record of the Year for "Man in the Mirror" the following year.[56] Bad won Best Engineered Recording - Non Classical in 1988,[55] and Best Music Video - Short Form for "Leave Me Alone" in 1990.[57]

Legacy

A black jacket with five round golden medals on its left and right shoulder and a gold ban on its left arm sleeve. The jacket has two belt straps on the right bottom sleeve. Underneath the jacket is a golden belt, with a round pendant in the center of it. There is a red light reflecting on the jacket and belt as well as a gold squared plat on the left side of the jacket and belt.
Jackson wore a gold-plated military styled jacket with a belt during the Bad era to give himself an edgier look.[1]

Bad made history as being the first and currently only album to have five of its singles peak at number one on the Billboard 100 consecutively; "I Just Can't Stop Loving You", "Bad", "The Way You Make Me Feel", "Man in the Mirror" and "Dirty Diana" all charted at number one on the music chart.[1] Jayson Rodriguez of MTV, noted that "following the twin cannons that were Off the Wall and Thriller wouldn't be an easy task for most, but Jackson's follow-up, 1987's Bad, was formidable by all accounts."[14] Rodriguez commented that the album was "wrongfully dismissed by critics because it wasn't the sales blockbuster that Thriller was" and that during the Bad era, Jackson's vocal hiccups and stammered "shamone" would become staples in his music that were "heightening and highlighting the emotion of his lyrics."[14] Rolling Stone commented that "the best way to view" Bad was not as "the sequel to Thriller.[8] In 2009, VH1 said of the album,

Understandably, the expectations for the album were ridiculously high, and grew even higher after Jackson planned duets with the likes of Prince (on the title track) and Whitney Houston (and Aretha Franklin and Barbra Streisand). None of those collaborations ended up happening, but they only increased the hype for the album. Bad was a deeply personal project for Jackson — he wrote nine of the 11 songs — one that saw him gain further independence and debut a harder-edged look and sound.[1]

Jim Farber of The New York Daily News felt that Bad "streamlined the quirks" of Jackson's two previous albums to "create his most smooth work of pop to date."[58] A writer for The Daily Telegraph commented that while Bad was another worldwide commercial success, the album "inevitably failed to match the success of Thriller despite Jackson's massive and grueling world tour".[59] In 2009, a writer for The Miami Herald reflected on the anticipation for Bad, describing the album's release as being the "most hotly anticipated album in history".[60] Stephen M. Silverman, a writer for People magazine, viewed Bad as being "when some slippage" in Jackson's "popularity began to show".[61]

In November 2006, it was announced by The Official UK Charts Company, after tracking album sales for six months, that Bad was the ninth best-selling album in British history with sales of 3.5 million units; Bad charted behind Jackson's Thriller.[62] Bad, along with other studio albums released by Jackson, are among the best selling albums of all-time.[63] In 2003, the album was ranked number 202 on Rolling Stone magazine's list of "The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time".[64] The album is included in the book entitled 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die.[65] In 2009, VH1 listed the album at number 43 on their list of "100 Greatest Albums of All Time of the MTV Generation", in 2009.[66] The album's songs have been covered and parodied by multiple recording artist since their releases in the late 1980s. Notable cover versions include Alien Ant Farm's cover of "Smooth Criminal" and Shakaya's cover of "The Way You Make Me Feel". Notable parody versions include "Weird Al" Yankovic, who had previously recorded a parody of Jackson's song "Beat It".[67] Yankovic parodied "Bad", entitling his version "Fat" in 1988; the song won a Grammy Award the same year for "Best Concept Music Video".[67]

Accolades

Organization Country Accolade Year Source
Grammy Awards United States Best Engineered Recording - Non Classical (Bad) 1988 [55]
Grammy Awards United States Best Music Video - Short Form ("Leave Me Alone") 1990 [57]
Quintessence Editions Ltd. United Kingdom 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die (No rank) 2003 [65]
Rolling Stone United States 500 Greatest Albums of All Time (Ranked 202nd) 2003 [64]
VH1 United States 100 Greatest Albums of All Time of the MTV Generation (Ranked #43) 2009 [66]

Track listing

No. Title Writer(s) Length
1. "Bad"   Michael Jackson 4:07
2. "The Way You Make Me Feel"   Michael Jackson 4:57
3. "Speed Demon"   Michael Jackson 4:01
4. "Liberian Girl"   Michael Jackson 3:53
5. "Just Good Friends" (featuring Stevie Wonder) Terry Britten, Graham Lyle 4:06
6. "Another Part of Me"   Michael Jackson 3:54
7. "Man in the Mirror"   Siedah Garrett, Glen Ballard 5:20
8. "I Just Can't Stop Loving You" (featuring Siedah Garrett) Michael Jackson 4:11
9. "Dirty Diana"   Michael Jackson 4:41
10. "Smooth Criminal"   Michael Jackson 4:17
11. "Leave Me Alone"   Michael Jackson 4:40
2001 Special Edition
No. Title Writer(s) Length
12. "Quincy Jones Interview #1"     4:03
13. "Streetwalker"   Michael Jackson 5:49
14. "Quincy Jones Interview #2"     2:53
15. "Todo Mi Amor Eres Tu" (featuring Siedah Garrett) Michael Jackson, Rubén Blades 4:05
16. "Quincy Jones Interview #3"     2:30
17. "Spoken Intro to Fly Away"     0:08
18. "Fly Away"   Michael Jackson 3:26
  1. "Bad" has a modified horn arrangement.
  2. "The Way You Make Me Feel" has richer vocalizations and background vocals.
  3. "I Just Can't Stop Loving You" omits Michael Jackson's spoken intro.
  4. "Dirty Diana" is replaced with the 7-inch edit of the song.
  5. "Smooth Criminal" omits the dramatic breathing within the intro.

Personnel

  • Writer, composer, vocal arrangement, solo and background vocals: Michael Jackson
  • Producer: Quincy Jones
  • Co-Producer: Michael Jackson
  • Background vocals: Siedah Garrett, The Winans and The Andrae Crouch Choir
  • Bass guitar: Nathan East
  • Hammond B-3 organ solo: Jimmy Smith
  • Synthesizer solo: Greg Phillinganes
  • Drums: John Robinson, Miko Brando, Ollie E. Brown, N'dugu Chancler, Michael Jackson
  • Drum programming: Douglas Getschal
  • Guitar: Michael Jackson, David Williams, Bill Bottrell, Eric Gale, Danny Hull, Steve Stevens, Dann Huff, Michael Landau, Paul Jackson, Jr.
  • Trumpets: Gary Grant and Jerry Hey
  • Sounds engineered: Ken Caillat and Tom Jones
  • Percussion: Paulinho Da Costa, Ollie E. Brown
  • Keyboards: Stefan Stefanovic
  • Saxophones: Kim Hutchcroft, Larry Williams
  • Synclavier keyboards, digital guitar and rubboard: Christopher Currell
  • Synthesizers: John Barnes, Michael Boddicker, Greg Phillinganes, Christopher Currell, Rhett Lawrence, David Paich
  • piano: John Barnes
  • Rhythm arrangement: Michael Jackson, Quincy Jones and Christopher Currell
  • Horn arrangement: Jerry Hey
  • Synthesizer programming: Larry Williams, Eric Persing, Steve Porcaro
  • Midi saxophone solo: Larry Williams

Chart performance

Charts

Chart (1987/1988/2009) Peak
position
Australian Albums Chart 2 [69]
Austrian Albums Chart 1[27]
Brazilian Top 10 Chart 3[70]
Canadian Albums Chart 1[23]
Dutch Albums Chart 1[27]
Italian S&C Albums Chart 1[71]
Japanese Album Chart 1[24]
Mexican Albums Chart 13[27]
New Zealand Albums Chart 1[27]
Norwegian Albums Chart 1[27]
Poland Charts 1[72]
Swedish Albums Chart 1[27]
Swiss Albums Chart 1[26]
United Kingdom Albums Charts 1[25]
United States Billboard 200 1[15]
United States R&B/Hip-Hop Albums 1[18]

Certifications

Country Certification
Australia 6x Platinum[73]
Austria 4x Platinum[74]
Canada 14x Platinum[28]
Finland Gold[29]
Germany 4x Platinum[75]
Hong Kong Platinum[30]
Mexico Platinum + Gold[76]
Sweden 2x Platinum[77]
Switzerland 5x Platinum[78]
United Kingdom 13x Platinum[22]
United States 8x Platinum[21]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 "Michael Jackson's Life & Legacy: The Eccentric King Of Pop (1986-1999)". VH1. Viacom. http://www.vh1.com/news/articles/1615214/20090702/jackson_michael.jhtml. Retrieved 2010-02-08. 
  2. ↑ Erlewine, Stephen. "Off the Wall Overview". Allmusic. Rovi Corporation. http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=A7cu1z85ajyv6. Retrieved June 15, 2008. 
  3. ↑ Holden, Stephen (November 1, 1979). "Off the Wall: Michael Jackson". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on December 23, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20071223010621/http://www.rollingstone.com/reviews/album/259585/review/6067502/off_the_wall. Retrieved July 23, 2008. 
  4. ↑ Anderson, Kyle (2009-07-20). "Michael Jackson's Thriller Set To Become Top-Selling Album Of All Time". MTV. Viacom. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1616537/20090720/jackson_michael.jhtml. Retrieved 2010-02-18. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 Pareles, John (1987-08-31). "Pop Review: Michael Jackson's 'Bad', A Follow Uo To A Blockbuster". The New York Times. The New York Times Company. http://www.nytimes.com/1987/08/31/arts/pop-michael-jackson-s-bad-follow-up-to-a-blockbuster.html. Retrieved 2010-02-07. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 Bad: Special Edition liner notes. Epic Records (2001).
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 Erlewine. "allmusic ((( Bad > Overview )))". Allmusic. Rovi Corporation. http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=Aoe6cmpe39ffo. Retrieved 2010-02-07. 
  8. ↑ 8.00 8.01 8.02 8.03 8.04 8.05 8.06 8.07 8.08 8.09 8.10 8.11 Sigerson, Davitt (2001). "Album Reviews: "Bad"". Rollin Stone (Wenner Media LLC). 
  9. ↑ Pareles, Jon (1987-09-03). "Critic's Notebook; How Good Is Jackson's 'Bad'?". New York TImes. The New York Times Company. http://www.nytimes.com/1987/09/03/arts/critic-s-notebook-how-good-is-jackson-s-bad.html?n=Top%2fReference%2fTimes%20Topics%2fPeople%2fJ%2fJackson%2c%20Michael. Retrieved 2010-03-26. 
  10. ↑ Variety Staff (1988-01-01). "Moonwalker". Variety. Reed Business Information. http://www.variety.com/review/VE1117793231.html?categoryid=31&cs=1&p=0. Retrieved 2010-01-25. 
  11. ↑ Hunt, Dennis (1989-01-10). "Video Review `Moonwalker': A Stroll Through a Super Ego". The Los Angeles Times (The Los Angeles Times). 
  12. ↑ Brooks, p. 81
  13. ↑ Grant, pp. 104–105
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 Rodriguez, Jayson (2009-06-25). "Michael Jackson's Musical Legacy, From The Jackson 5 To Invincible". MTV. Viacom. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1614758/20090625/jackson_michael.jhtml. Retrieved 2010-02-08. 
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 "September 26, 1987". Billboard. Nielsen Business Media, Inc. http://www.billboard.com/#/charts/billboard-200?chartDate=1987-09-30. Retrieved 2010-02-06. 
  16. ↑ Keith Caulfield (2010-01-07). "Taylor Swift Edges Susan Boyle For 2009's Top-Selling Album". Billboard. Nielsen Business Media, Inc. http://www.billboard.com/#/news/taylor-swift-edges-susan-boyle-for-2009-1004057203.story. Retrieved 2010-02-06. 
  17. ↑ "September 26, 1987". Billboard. Nielsen Business Media, Inc. http://www.billboard.com/#/charts/r-b-hip-hop-albums?chartDate=1987-09-26. Retrieved 2010-02-06. 
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 "October 3, 1987". Billboard. Nielsen Business Media, Inc. Archived from the original on August 22, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080822150806/http://www.billboard.com/#/charts/r-b-hip-hop-albums?chartDate=1987-10-03. Retrieved 2010-02-06. 
  19. ↑ "December 19, 1987". Billboard. Nielsen Business Media, Inc. http://www.billboard.com/#/charts/r-b-hip-hop-albums?chartDate=1987-12-23. Retrieved 2010-02-06. 
  20. ↑ "January 23, 1987". Billboard.com. Nielsen Business Media, Inc. http://www.billboard.com/#/charts/r-b-hip-hop-albums?chartDate=1988-01-23. Retrieved 2010-02-06. 
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 "Gold and Platinum". Recording Industry Association of America. http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=SEARCH_RESULTS&artist=Michael%20Jackson&format=ALBUM&go=Search&perPage=100. Retrieved 2008-04-27. 
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 "Certified Awards Search". BPI.co.uk. British Phonographic Industry. http://www.bpi.co.uk/certifiedawards/search.aspx. Retrieved 2010-02-08. 
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 "Top Albums/CDs - Volume 46, No. 26, October 03 1987". CollectionsCanada.gc.ca. http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/rpm/028020-119.01-e.php?&file_num=nlc008388.0880&volume=46&issue=26&issue_dt=October%2003%201987&type=1&interval=24&PHPSESSID=sp19smnjn4io5g2nmhli5tdfo5. Retrieved 2010-02-08. 
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 "Bad". Oricon.com. Oricon. http://ranking.oricon.co.jp/free_contents/search/ranking_list.asp?itemcd=13416&samecd=3&chart_kbn=11A&linkcd=30003278. Retrieved 2010-02-08. 
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 "Michael Jackson - Bad". TheOffcialCharts.com. The Official Charts Company. Archived from the original on November 12, 2006. http://web.archive.org/web/20061112153452/http://theofficialcharts.com/all_albums_album.php?id=493. Retrieved 2010-02-08. 
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 "Michael Jackson -Bad (album)". SwissCharts.com. Hung Medien. http://swisscharts.com/showitem.asp?interpret=Michael+Jackson&titel=Bad&cat=a. Retrieved 2010-02-14. 
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 27.2 27.3 27.4 27.5 27.6 27.7 "Michael Jackson - Bad (album)". LesCharts.com. Hung Medien. http://www.lescharts.com/showitem.asp?interpret=Michael+Jackson&titel=Bad&cat=a. Retrieved 2010-02-08. 
  28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 "Canadian Recording Industry". CRIA.ca. Canadian Recording Industry Association. http://www.cria.ca/cert_db_search.php?page=2&wclause=WHERE+artist_name+like+%27%25michael+jackson%25%27+ORDER+BY+cert_date%2C+cert_award+&rcnt=45&csearch=0&nextprev=1. Retrieved 2010-02-08. 
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 "Michael Jackson: Albumi". IFPI.se. International Federation of the Phonographic Industry. http://www.ifpi.fi/tilastot/artistit/michael+jackson. Retrieved 2010-02-08. 
  30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 "IFPI Hong Kong Searchable database - Gold and Platinum". IFPI.se. International Federation of the Phonographic Industry. http://www.ifpihk.org/www_1/go9e.php. Retrieved 2009-01-29. 
  31. ↑ Mark Savage (2008-08-29). "Pop Superstars turn 50". BBC News. BBC Online. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/7448908.stm. Retrieved 2010-02-25. 
  32. ↑ "September 16, 1987". Billboard. Nielsen Business Media, Inc. http://www.billboard.com/charts/hot-100#/charts/hot-100?chartDate=1987-09-19. Retrieved 2010-02-06. 
  33. ↑ "Michael Jackson - I Just Can't Stop Loving You". The Official Charts Company. Archived from the original on November 12, 2006. http://web.archive.org/web/20061112161740/http://theofficialcharts.com/all_singles_song.php?id=596. Retrieved 2010-02-06. 
  34. ↑ "Michael Jackson - I Can't Stop Loving You (song)". LesCharts.com. Hung Medien. http://norwegiancharts.com/showitem.asp?interpret=Michael+Jackson&titel=I+Just+Can%27t+Stop+Loving+You&cat=s. Retrieved 2010-02-06. 
  35. ↑ "October 24, 1987". Billboard. Nielsen Business Media, Inc. http://www.billboard.com/charts/hot-100#/charts/hot-100?chartDate=1987-10-24. Retrieved 2010-02-06. 
  36. ↑ "Michael Jackson - Bad (chanson)". LesCharts.com. Hung Medien. http://www.lescharts.com/showitem.asp?interpret=Michael+Jackson&titel=Bad&cat=s. Retrieved 2010-02-06. 
  37. ↑ "January 23, 1988". Billboard. Nielsen Business Media, Inc. http://www.billboard.com/charts/hot-100#/charts/hot-100?chartDate=1988-01-23. Retrieved 2010-02-06. 
  38. ↑ "Michael Jackson - The Way You Make Me Feel (chanson)". LesCharts.com. Hung Medien. http://www.lescharts.com/showitem.asp?interpret=Michael+Jackson&titel=The+Way+You+Make+Me+Feel&cat=s. Retrieved 2010-02-06. 
  39. ↑ "March 26, 1988". Billboard. Nielsen Business Media, Inc. http://www.billboard.com/charts/hot-100#/charts/hot-100?chartDate=1988-03-26. Retrieved 2010-02-07. 
  40. ↑ "Michael Jackson - Man In The Mirror (chanson)". LesCharts.com. Hung Medien. http://www.lescharts.com/showitem.asp?interpret=Michael+Jackson&titel=Man+In+The+Mirror&cat=s. Retrieved 2010-02-07. 
  41. ↑ "July 2, 1988". Billboard. Nielsen Business Media, Inc. http://www.billboard.com/charts/hot-100#/charts/hot-100?chartDate=1988-07-02. Retrieved 2010-02-07. 
  42. ↑ "Michael Jackson - Dirty Diana (chanson)". LesCharts.com. Hung Medien. http://www.lescharts.com/showitem.asp?interpret=Michael+Jackson&titel=Dirty+Diana&cat=s. Retrieved 2010-02-07. 
  43. ↑ "Another Part Of Me - Michael Jackson". Billboard. Nielsen Business Media, Inc. http://www.billboard.com/charts/hot-100#/song/michael-jackson/another-part-of-me/1539612. Retrieved 2010-02-07. 
  44. ↑ "Michael Jackson - Another Part Of Me (chanson)". LesCharts.com. Hung Medien. http://www.lescharts.com/showitem.asp?interpret=Michael+Jackson&titel=Another+Part+Of+Me&cat=s. Retrieved 2010-02-07. 
  45. ↑ "allmusic ((( Bad - Charts & Awards - Billboard Singles )))". Allmusic. Rovi Corporation. http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=10:g9foxq95ld6e~T31. Retrieved 2010-02-07. 
  46. ↑ "Michael Jackson - Smooth Criminal (chanson)". LesCharts.com. Hung Medien. http://www.lescharts.com/showitem.asp?interpret=Michael+Jackson&titel=Smooth+Criminal&cat=s. Retrieved 2010-02-07. 
  47. ↑ "Michael Jackson - Leave Me Alone (chanson)". LesCharts.com. Hung Medien. http://www.lescharts.com/showitem.asp?interpret=Michael+Jackson&titel=Leave+Me+Alone&cat=s. Retrieved 2010-02-07. 
  48. ↑ "Michael Jackson - Liberian Girl (chanson)". LesCharts.com. Hung Medien. http://www.lescharts.com/showitem.asp?interpret=Michael+Jackson&titel=Liberian+Girl&cat=s. Retrieved 2010-02-07. 
  49. ↑ 49.0 49.1 Christgau, Robert. "Michael Jackson: Consumer Guild Reviews". RobertChristgau.com. http://www.robertchristgau.com/get_artist.php?id=932. Retrieved 2010-02-07. 
  50. ↑ 50.0 50.1 Clay, Jennifer. "Michael Jackson: Reviews". Yahoo! Music. Yahoo! Inc.. http://ca.music.yahoo.com/read/review/12040814. Retrieved 2010-02-07. 
  51. ↑ 51.0 51.1 Cromelin, Richard (1987-08-31). "Michael Jackson has a good thing in 'Bad'". The Los Angeles Times (Tribune Company). }
  52. ↑ 52.0 52.1 52.2 Harrington, Richard (1987-08-31). "Jackson's `Bad': Looking Good; Not a `Thriller' but It's Full of Flash". The Washington Post (The Washington Post Company). 
  53. ↑ Gundersen, Edna (1987-08-31). "The ever-changing Jackson, Michael jumps back and he's super `Bad'". USA Today (Gannett Co. Inc). 
  54. ↑ Duffy, Thom (1987-09-01). "Jackson Re-emerges, Still Thrills With 'Bad'". The Orlando Sentinel (Tribune Company). 
  55. ↑ 55.0 55.1 55.2 "Grammy Awards 1988". Rock On The Net. http://www.rockonthenet.com/archive/1988/grammys.htm. Retrieved 2010-02-08. 
  56. ↑ "Grammy Awards 1989". Rock On The Net. http://www.rockonthenet.com/archive/1989/grammys.htm. Retrieved 2010-02-18. 
  57. ↑ 57.0 57.1 "Grammy Awards 1990". Rock On The Net. http://www.rockonthenet.com/archive/1990/grammys.htm. Retrieved 2010-02-08. 
  58. ↑ Farber, Jim (2009-06-29). "For Michael Jackson, the beat went on: after 'Thriller,' hits kept coming". New York Daily News. Mortimer Zuckerman. http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/michael_jackson/2009/06/28/2009-06-28_for_michael_jackson_the_beat_went_on_after_thriller_hits_kept_coming.html#ixzz0ev5c4c9u. Retrieved 2010-02-08. 
  59. ↑ "Michael Jackson". Telegraph.co.uk. Telegraph Media Group Limited. 2009-06-26. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/celebrity-obituaries/5643156/Michael-Jackson.html. Retrieved 2010-02-18. 
  60. ↑ "A Look Back". The Miami Herald. Miami Herald Media Co. 2009-06-26. http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=MH&s_site=miami&p_multi=MH&p_theme=realcities&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=12A99CBF149C2368&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM. Retrieved 2010-02-18. 
  61. ↑ Silverman, Stephen M. (2009-06-25). "Superstar: The Incredible Life of Michael Jackson 1958-2009". People. Time Warner Inc. http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20287810,00.html. Retrieved 2010-02-18. 
  62. ↑ Nash, Emily (2006-11-16). "Queens Album Is The Best Ever". Mirror.co.uk. http://www.mirror.co.uk/northernireland/news/tm_method=full%26objectid=18104022%26siteid=94762-name_page.html. Retrieved 2010-02-07. 
  63. ↑ Mackay, Mairi (2009-06-26). "Michael Jackson album sales soar". CNN. Time Warner Inc. http://edition.cnn.com/2009/SHOWBIZ/Music/06/26/michael.jackson.album.sales/. Retrieved 2010-02-25. 
  64. ↑ 64.0 64.1 "The RS 500 Greatest Albums of All Time". Rolling Stone. Wenner Media LLC. November 18, 2003. http://www.rollingstone.com/news/story/5938174/the_rs_500_greatest_albums_of_all_time/3. Retrieved 2010-02-08. 
  65. ↑ 65.0 65.1 "1001 Series". Quintessence Editions Ltd.. 2003. http://www.1001beforeyoudie.com. Retrieved 2010-02-06. 
  66. ↑ 66.0 66.1 Edith Bowman. "VH1 - Greatest Albums Ever". MTV. Viacom. http://www.mtv.co.uk/channels/vh1/chart/greatest-albums-ever. Retrieved 2010-02-06. 
  67. ↑ 67.0 67.1 "Michael Jackson Remembered: "Weird Al" Yankovic on Imitation as Flattery". Rolling Stone. Wenner Media LLC. 2009-07-09. http://www.rollingstone.com/news/story/29050662/michael_jackson_remembered_weird_al_yankovic_on_imitation_as_flattery. Retrieved 2010-02-07. 
  68. ↑ Michael Jackson: For The Record. Chris Cadman, Michael Haystead.
  69. ↑ David Kent (1993). Australian Chart Book 1970 - 1992. Australian Chart Book, St Ives, N.S.W.. ISBN 0-646-11917-6, 9780646119175. 
  70. ↑ "July 6–12, 2009". ABPD.org.br. Associação Brasileira dos Produtores de Discos. http://www.abpd.org.br/noticias_internas.asp?noticia=173. Retrieved 2010-02-16. 
  71. ↑ "ALBUM - I NUMERI UNO (1980-1989)". IT-Charts. http://it-charts.150m.com/numeriuno-a-1980.htm. Retrieved 2010-09-01. 
  72. ↑ "sprzedaż w okresie 10.08.2009 - 16.08.2009". OLiS.onyx.pl. Oficjalna Lista Sprzedaży. http://www.olis.onyx.pl/listy/index.asp?idlisty=519&lang=. Retrieved 2010-02-08. 
  73. ↑ "Gold & Platinum". http://www.aria.com.au/pages/httpwww.aria.com.aupagesARIACharts-Accreditations-2009Albums.htm. Retrieved 2010-03-13. 
  74. ↑ "Gold & Platin". IFPI.se. International Federation of the Phonographic Industry. http://www.ifpi.at/?section=goldplatin. Retrieved 2009-01-29. 
  75. ↑ "Gold/Platin-Datenbank" (in German). International Federation of the Phonographic Industry. http://www.musikindustrie.de/gold_platin_datenbank_beta/. Retrieved 2010-05-20. 
  76. ↑ "Certificaciones Encontradas" (in Spanish). Amprofon.com. Asociación Mexicana de Productores de Fonogramas y Videogramas. http://www.amprofon.com.mx/certificaciones.php?artista=Michael+Jackson&titulo=&disquera=&certificacion=todas&anio=todos&categoria=todas&Submitted=Buscar&item=menuCert&contenido=buscar. Retrieved 2009-01-29. 
  77. ↑ "Swedish certification". IFPI.se. International Federation of the Phonographic Industry. http://www.ifpi.se/wp-content/uploads/guld-platina-1987-1998.pdf. Retrieved 2009-01-29. 
  78. ↑ "IFPI Sweden Searchable database - Gold and Platinum". IFPI.se. International Federation of the Phonographic Industry. http://www.ifpi.se/wp-content/uploads/guld-platina-1987-1998.pdf. Retrieved 2009-01-29. 

References

Quincy Jones
Discography · Awards · Film score discography
Albums
This Is How I Feel About Jazz · Go West, Man! · The Birth of a Band · The Great Wide World of Quincy Jones · I Dig Dancers · Around the World · Newport '61 · The Great Wide World of Quincy Jones Live (in Zurich!) · The Quintessence · Big Band Bossa Nova · Quincy Jones Plays the Hip Hits · Golden Boy · I Had a Ball · Quincy Jones Explores the Music of Henry Mancini · Quincy Plays for Pussycats · Quincy's Got a Brand New Bag · Walking In Space · Gula Matari · Dollars · Smackwater Jack · Come Back Charleston Blue · You've Got It Bad, Girl · Body Heat · Mellow Madness · I Heard That!! · Roots · Sounds...and Stuff Like That!! · Quincy Jones Live at the Budokan · The Dude · Back on the Block · Miles & Quincy Live at Montreux · Q's Jook Joint · Basie and Beyond · The Original Jam Sessions 1969 · Q: Soul Bossa Nostra ·
Compilations
Ndeda · The Best · From Q with Love · Q: The Musical Biography of Quincy Jones ·
Singles
"Soul Bossa Nova"
Other works
Off the Wall · E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial · Thriller · Bad
It Might As Well Be Swing · Sinatra at the Sands · L.A. Is My Lady
With USA for Africa
With Artists for Haiti
With Lesley Gore
"It's My Party" · Love Me By Name ·